Only in the aftermath of this battle did Cnut’s rage at the open betrayal of his wife and his friend (and brother-in-law) spill over into the execution of Ulf. Available: https://www.treesofblue.com/emma-of-normandy-985-1052. Twice the Queen of the English kingdom, Emma of Normandy sits here in receipt of the Encomium Emmae, with her sons Harthacanute and Edward the Confessor in the frame.The death of Harold I in 1040 and the accession of the more conciliatory Harthacanute, who had lost his Norwegian and Swedish lands, although he had made his Danish realm secure, meant Edward was officially made welcome in … Emma had one brother: Richard II Duke of Normandy . His cousin Robert demanded that Cnut returned to Edward and his brother Alfred, that which was rightfully theirs. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! House of Denmark Family Trees 1016 – 1042, House of Normandy Family Trees 1066 – 1154, House of Dunkeld Family Trees 1034 – 1286. In the 1020s, he sends Harthacnut to Denmark with jarl Ulf as a regent and foster father. Children – No. But he has no means to raise an invasion force, nor seems very interested in wearing the English crown. That is understandable, since we know little about her childhood. She willingly allied herself with the Danish invaders, representing both Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Danes who had been oppressed by King Aethelred. This does not sound far-fetched as, by this time, Godwin transferred his loyalty from Harthacnut to Harald.25 Alfred is blinded and dies of his wounds. Instead, Harthacnut comes to her with an invasion force in 1039. Cnut had to fight the united Swedes and Norwegians at the Battle of the Holy River, and they had prepared — with Ulf’s knowledge — a surprise attack by water for Cnut and his ships. Hedwige of Saxony (also Hedwig, German: Hadwig von Sachsen; c. 910 – after 958), a member of the Ottonian dynasty, was Duchess consort of the Franks by her marriage to the Robertian duke Hugh the Great.Upon her husband's death in 956, she acted as a regent during the minority of their son Hugh Capet, the founder of the Elder House of Capet. Monks coming from Canterbury to settle a dispute witnessed his turning blue on his death-bed even as he gave them a favorable settlement. A noblewoman, not of royal birth, will connect the two most important royal houses in northern Europe in the eleventh century. Henry VIII would not have been so forgiving. Notable ancestors includeCharlemagne (747-814). Alistair Campbell and Simon Keynes (1998), pp. Whether any of these hints amount to a real personal connection, is, of course, open to debate, but in the light of Emma’s later actions, remains tantalizing. A gilded cage, perhaps, with considerable local authority, but Emma was lucky to survive. Wittingly, and perhaps sometimes involuntarily, much revolves around her actions. Married – Edith of Wessex. Hurry! Family Time Line. Emma was forced to leave England by the invasion from Denmark and flee to Normandy along with her sons Edward (the Confessor) and Alfred. A small portion of any purchases from these sites goes directly toward funding and supporting Trees of blue. . Emma had five siblings: Richard II, Duke of Normandy (died 1026), married (1) Judith of Brittany, had six children including Robert I, Duke of Normandy who was the father of William I the Conqueror, King of England (2) Poppa of Envermeu, had two children Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux (died 1037), married Herlevea, had three children Obviously, she and Ulf would rule as regents. The rich history of the Viking Age is a source of inspiration for my web site The Viking Age Archive, and for writing stories in general. My apologies for not including source notes and italicizing of sources in this comment form. Hawise of Normandy; Maud of Normandy; Geoffrey, Count of Eu; William, Count of Eu; Richard II; Robert le Danois; Mauger, Count of Corbeil 1058–1134. He makes good arrangements, but the biggest scoop is the marriage of Emma to Æthelred, making her a queen.9 Even if it is out of necessity, rather than a pre-arranged deal. Marriage: 1080. Richard I ‘the Fearless’ becomes a duke at a young age after his father murdered. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. My hope is that they will provide many additional hours of interest for you also. It has been suggested that the poem Semiramis, possibly written in 1017 by Warner of Rouen at the court of Emma's brother, A weekly digest for all shiny new articles, sneak peeks and more! Ivo was born in 1003, in Cotentin, Manche, Normandy, France. Most modern accounts about her life start with her marriage to Æthelred the Unready. Even though there is a strong connection between the families, Edward does not always follow Godwin’s advice, as at the time when he refuses to offer help to Sweyn Estridsson of Denmark (son of Ulf) in his fight with Magnus I.37, Amid all the new political upheaval at court, with factions of Godwin and his sons, and Edward’s Norman advisors, Emma is no longer heard. Her father and mother are strong characters. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, ‘. Parents – Aethelred the Unready, Emma of Normandy. Spouse and Children. Though not usually considered reliable, as I’m sure you are aware, there is an interesting story in the Jomsviking Saga that makes Thorkil the Tall (Cnut’s foster father) and Emma the center of a scheme to persuade Cnut (then about 21) to marry Emma. Overall detailed post on Emma of Normandy. Her sons remained there, but Emma returned in 1016 to marry the new king, Canute. Cnut then sends his first wife Ælfgifu of Northampton and their son Sweyn Cnutsson to rule over Norway. When the Danish invaded England in 1013, Emma escaped to Normandy with her sons. Emma of Paris(943 – 19 March 968), was a duchess consort of Normandy, married to Richard I, Duke of Normandy. 1013 – Exile to Normandy, force by Sweyn Forkbeard. She was the daughter of Robert, Duke of Normandy and became the second wife of King Aethelred the Unready as part of an agreement between England and Normandy. Emma of Paris, Duchess of Normandy. She is often mentioned by Dudo of St Quentin. Emma of Normandy is probably born around 985. Meanwhile, Godwin’s sons are raised to be earls in their own right, and Edward himself marries Godwin’s daughter Edith of Wessex in 1045. But these should be used with more care as they can be biased. He has to rule and maintain the strong duchy his father left behind. I’m writing a TV series based on the life of Aelfgifu of Northampton, first wife of King Knut, and have also done a considerable amount of digging in the sources relative to Emma, who is also a main character. In 1030, the battle of Stiklestad takes place in Norway. King Aethelred escaped shortly afterwards. For example, she was the patron of Encomium Emmae Reginae3 which is naturally positive about Emma and her direct family. Cnut and Emma of Normandy, from the Liber Vitae of the New Minster, Winchester (1031). Series: Book 1 Emma of Normandy. Learn how your comment data is processed. Marriage and legitimate children. xxx. Chillingly, Emma in her Encomium, some twenty-three years later, describes the marriage thus, “Perhaps there would never have been an end of the fighting if he had not at length secured . This probably is the reason behind him taking his mother’s lands and properties in 1043. Alistair Campbell and Simon Keynes (1998), pp. The Life of Emma Emma de Port was born in 1048, in Calvados, Lower Normandy, France as the daughter of Hughes de Port. She chose not to go with them but to remain in England, most likely to try to safeguard her lands and properties or to avoid being sent to a convent. Guillaume IV Count Of Toulouse. Emma married King Cnut after he took the English throne. Emma seems to make work of making herself at home quickly. Emma requests the presence of her sons Edward and Alfred, but on their way to Harold, they are betrayed and attacked. After his father didn’t keep his bargain with Æthelred, the latter is fed up when the attacks increase again toward the end of the first millennium. But they wait as soon as it is clear that Harold is dying.28, After Harold dies in 1040, Harthacnut and Emma sail for England. Not to Normandy, though. When Harthacnut was freed up in Denmark to claim the English throne, he and his mother schemed to assemble a huge invasion fleet in Flanders — before Harold was known to be ill. Harold was called to a meeting of the Witan at Oxford, very near Emma’s former power base of Winchester, and there he suddenly sickened and died, by asphyxiation, quite possibly from arsenic poisoning. 8, A third influence in her early life, is Emma’s brother Richard. Edith, like Emma, actively took part in creating the text.4 Then, there is an older text, by Dudo of St Quentin, a chancellor for Richard II, on the history of the Normandy dukes. It may also be noted that Eadric was much closer in age to Emma than her husband. She lives well into her sixties, but not without enduring her fair share of good and dire times. Childhood in Normandy, c. 985 – 996. The historical impression — up until the present — of Emma has been positive, influenced heavily by her self-approved Encomium, and, I believe, a good-faith modern effort to reappraise the contributions of women in the past. Twice the Queen of the English kingdom, Emma of Normandy sits here in receipt of the Encomium Emmae, with her sons Harthacanute and Edward the Confessor in the frame.The death of Harold I in 1040 and the accession of the more conciliatory Harthacanute, who had lost his Norwegian and Swedish lands, although he had made his Danish realm secure, meant Edward was officially made welcome in … Edith, like Emma, actively took part in creating the text. Emma of Normandy was a powerful woman in English Anglo Saxon politics. Emma married Ethelred in 1002, and gave birth to two sons, Albert and Edward (the future King Edward the Confessor). Siblings – Aethelstan, Edmund Ironside, Ecgberht, Edred, Eadwig, Eadgar, Alfred, Goda. Even the Encomium is silent on this issue.6 It is most likely, though, that she grows up at the ducal court in Normandy near her parents and siblings. Parents and siblings. Her mother was Eleanor of Normandy – making Emma of Normandy, Edward the Confessor’s mother, her aunt, demonstrating that once again everybody in History is related one way or another (read Geoffrey Tobin’s very informative comments at the end of the post about Edward the Confessor to find out exactly how intertwined the families of England, Normandy, Brittany and Pontieu were). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. She will fight for her children’s claims to the English throne. Died – 5th January 1066. As you mentioned, the skeletal remains of Emma have a great deal of information to offer in regards to her life. Advertising Disclosure - To help meet costs, we run advertisements across our site, including affiliate links to 3rd party retailers. But it is broken just six months later when the Vikings attack again in several places, leading up to the battle of Maldon.7 Richard dies in 996 and his son Richard II ‘the Good’ succeeds him. Lxv. Their heavy taxes and restrictive laws cause locals to rebel again and in the end, Ælfgifu and Sweyn lose Norway to Magnus I, the son of Olaf the Saint.21 The Heimskringla suggests that Harthacnut and Sweyn had a deal that would divide Cnut’s kingdom between them, but this is not to be.22 Sweyn dies around the same time as Cnut, in 1035.23. Goda of England or Godgifu was the daughter of King Ethelred the Unready and his second wife Emma of Normandy, and sister of King Edward the Confessor. Birth: 1034 - Normandy, France. Edward was born around the year 1003 in England. Maud of Normandy (died 1006) was the daughter of Richard the Fearless and Gunnor.Her siblings were Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037, Mauger, Count of Corbeil, Robert Danus, Emma of Normandy and Hawise of Normandy. But Edward is installed quickly as the new king of England.35 Perhaps Emma was not the greatest influence here, but rather Earl Godwin.36, Whatever Godwin’s actions in the past, Edward chooses to rely on his council. To read more about Robert, who eventually becomes duke of Normandy, see: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, ‘. The witan chooses Harold Harefoot, another son by Ælfgifu of Northampton, as regent or co-ruler in Harthacnut’s absence.24 It is agreed that Harold will rule the north, and Earl Godwin and Emma hold the south in Harthacnut’s name. But Richard turns the deal down and Estrid marries jarl Ulf instead.16 And then Emma has a mind of her own, and does not immediately agree to Cnut’s offer. Then there is the Vita Ædwardi Regis about the life of Edward the Confessor, Emma’s son by Æthelred the Unready. He was always listed behind his half-brothers in charters, which showed that he ranked behind them. But so was her lifelong rival, Aelfgifu, who — most significantly — came first in Cnut’s affections, and descended from one of the most powerful Mercian families in England. I have also previously theorised that it would be neat if Emma of Normandy was the mystery “Ratri” who forged the original promise with demon!God… and you know what I noticed? Moreover, Edmund secures the northern regions in England for himself.14, But their strife comes to an end when Æthelred dies in 1016 and Cnut successfully invades England. Emma of Normandy 985 – 1052. Hi! Within the next three years, she bears Æthelred two sons and a daughter, and starts to engage herself in the Anglo-Saxon political affairs.11, The sources are again quiet until Sweyn Forkbeard successfully invades England by 1013 and exiles Æthelred and his family. a matrimonial link with this most noble queen.” Her “at length” was, in reality, very short: Cnut married Emma just 7 months after being declared King of England. After the death of Sweyn Forkbeard in 1014 Aethelred returned to England to reclaim the English throne. Harthacnut and Gunhilda of Denmark are regarded in the text as his younger siblings. Alistair Campbell and Simon Keynes (1998), pp. . Great grand parents Gen.=+35 : Rolf or Rollo m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. Papie Grand parents Gen.=+34 m. m. She married Robert II de Grandmesnil (1075-1136) . For us, the way he looks at her when he gets shipped and tries to gently cup her face is a glaringly obvious sign of a longing beyond that of a sibling. She was the daughter of Robert, Duke of Normandy and became the second wife of King Aethelred the Unready as part of an agreement between England and Normandy. Last accessed April 13th, 2021. Edmund Ironside, the eldest, is about her age. Emma may also have strenuously objected to Edward’s upcoming marriage to Eadgyth. The Knýtlinga saga (13th century) considers Harold Harefoot to be the oldest son of Cnut and Emma of Normandy, though its author frequently misrepresents family relationships. These sons are Richard III and Robert I ‘the Magnificent’. Some scholars believe by Godwin’s hand, at the instigation of Harald. During her marriage to Aethelred, Emma appears connected to Eadric “Streona,” the notorious traitor who shot from ordinary thegn to Earl of Mercia as the henchman and beneficiary of the 1006 “palace coup.” Roger of Wendover says that Eadric even accompanied her in exile to her family base in Normandy for two years, and “entertained her in magnificent style.” In addition, modern historians have noted a decided improvement in the treatment of Eadric in the Encomium versus other contemporary sources. Edward, knowing of these and possibly other events associated with his mother, plus stinging from her personal neglect of him as a child, sent her into exile early in his reign. Home » House of Wessex » Emma of Normandy 985 – 1052. Born – c1003 exact date unknown. She outlives her husband and continues to live at court and sign charters during her son’s rule. She is the daughter of a duke, the wife, mother and grandmother of kings. [edit] Reigns of Harold I, Harthacnut and Edward the ConfessorAfter Cnut's death, Edward and Alfred returned to England from their exile in 1036, to see their mother, and were put … When Ulf defies Cnut, however, several years later, Cnut goes to Denmark. Emma of Normandy (980-1052) Without logging in it is only possible to see persons who already died. She dies in 1052 in Winchester, having survived all her husbands, and all her children but one.38, In May 2019, six coffins were found in Winchester cathedral with many bones believed to be of the royal medieval families. Emma had 9 siblings: Gilbert DeTellieres, Sir Richard DeTonebridge Fitzgilbert and 7 other siblings. It is not a safe place for Emma to go and she turns to the court of the Count of Flanders in Bruges instead.27, She asks for Edward once more. Where Emma and her children have been all this time, is not clear. So, instead of accepting him straight away, she first settles the future of her unborn children with Cnut and has him recognise them as full heirs to the throne.17, Cnut marries Emma for the legitimacy for the English throne, though their marriage seems to work, too. After her brother Richard dies, his two sons fight each other for the title and cause civil war and political unrest. Emma’s mother Gunnora is likely of noble Danish origins. She was the daughter of Count Hugh the Great of Paris and Hedwiga de Sachsen and sister of Hugh Capet, king of France. So these events become the backdrop to the death of King Harold I in 1040, who — along with his mother — was excoriated in the Encomium. Gunhilda is sent to the court of Conrad II of Germany, the Holy Roman Emperor, at a young age and will marry his son Henry III. Richard allows the Vikings to set up camp in Normandy and raid England. Published Mar 28, 2017 @ 4:31 pm – Updated – Jun 4, 2020 @ 1:56 pm, Heather Y Wheeler. But Æthelred defeats him and he leaves the country.13 Not much later, Æthelred and his eldest son Edmund Ironside argue when Edmund kidnaps and marries the widow of a northern jarl against the king’s wishes. Perhaps Emma’s influence is visible when he invites his brother Edward to England to be his co-ruler. William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. Emma clearly hated her Anglo-Danish step-sons and refused to claim them as legitimate sons of Cnut, though Cnut knew just the opposite. She plotted with Jarl Ulf, perhaps even provided the nobles with a forged letter sealed with Cnut’s signet ring, to place her 8-year-old son Harthacnut on the throne. She had at least 5 sons with William de Percy, 1st Baron Percy. 4 Then, there is an older text, by Dudo of St Quentin, a chancellor for Richard II, on the history of the Normandy dukes. Early 991, the two parties sign this pact. A peasant revolt supported by Cnut results in the death of the Norwegian king Olaf II ‘the Saint’. That Aelfgifu was the survivor of a shocking “palace coup” described even in the Welsh Annals which killed her father, blinded her brothers, and destroyed her family’s wealth and position is critical to understand her future actions as Cnut’s wife and mother of his oldest, legitimate sons. Well, I would say that I am almost certain that Emma has no idea of the true extent of Norman’s feelings for her. Charters that Emma or Normandy signs as Queen (consort) of England are proof of her existence.1 There might be additional archaeological evidence if the bones found on May 2019 in Winchester cathedral, are indeed her remains.2, Other medieval chronicles and texts mention Emma, too. The English king Æthelred the Unready asks the Pope to negotiate a peace treaty with Richard. I also look forward to discovering more about this fascinating woman. She is arguably the most famous woman of the Viking Age. She knows he has children with his first wife, Ælfgifu of Northampton. Cnut later married Emma to ally his fledgling Danish rule of England with the great power across the Channel — the Normans, not to gain any substantial English support. He kills Ulf and makes Harthacnut king of Denmark in 1028.20, Yet, Harthacnut struggles to hold on to the wider Danish kingdom. One resource I could not get a hold of, is Pauline Stafford’s. Richard Imarried Emma of Paris, Duchess of Normandy 960. But the Swedes had not adequately accounted for the enormous size of Cnut’s drakkar, and he rode over the wave and survived, with a few of his men. His wife was Edith, and she was also the patron of this work. It is likely they stayed in Normandy – for when Cnut comes courting in 1017; she is still in Normandy.15, In the marriage deal for Emma, Cnut offers his sister Estrid as a bride for Richard II. 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